How does tooth decay occur?
It is best when there is a balance between the different types of bacteria in your mouth. This is when a person’s teeth are at their healthiest and most beautiful. However, due to the complex physiological balancing processes in the mouth, the various environmental influences and the entry of bacteria, this is not always possible. As a result, certain bacteria start to dominate the mouth. Tooth decay starts to form when the microflora in the mouth starts to break down carbohydrates. The bacteria then release acid, which gradually begins to eat away at both the hard (by “washing away” calcium ions) and soft tissues of the tooth. The risk of tooth decay increases when the number of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli bacteria in the mouth is significantly increased, and the protective oral factors such as saliva, its buffering capacity, and self-cleaning do not function properly.
Streptococci produce polysaccharides through enzymatic reactions, which promote the formation and growth of plaque. Streptococci, unlike other oral micro-organisms, are able to survive in acidic environments.
Lactic acid bacteria – lactobacilli – speed up the development of tooth decay. Lactobacilli directly damage tooth structures as they multiply. They accumulate in areas that are favourable for retention: tooth furrows, cavities in the chewing surface of the tooth, cavities damaged by decay, and adjacent to the edges of restorations and braces. These are the areas of the mouth where the pH is low. These areas are generally harder to maintain and clean, and are therefore the first to be affected by caries.