Gingivitis can be caused not only by high levels of plaque, but also by specific bacteria, viruses, fungi, genetic factors, systemic conditions (allergic reactions, certain diseases), wounds, and reactions to foreign bodies (e.g. dentures).
Hormonal changes.
This risk factor may become more pronounced during puberty, menopause and pregnancy. The gums may be more sensitive during this time, increasing the risk of inflammation.
Some diseases.
Diseases such as cancer, diabetes and HIV are associated with a higher risk of gingivitis, researchers say.
Smoking.
Regular smokers have a significantly higher incidence of gingivitis compared to non-smokers.
Age.
The risk of gingivitis increases in older people.
Poor nutrition.
An incomplete or unhealthy diet lacking in nutrients and vitamins can also be a risk factor for gingivitis. For example, vitamin C deficiency is linked to gum disease.
Family history.
People who have had gingivitis in both or at least one parent are also at risk of developing the disease. This is thought to be linked to the bacteria we acquire in childhood.
Recognition of gingivitis
The main signs of gingivitis are red, sensitive and purulent gums. When you brush your teeth, they immediately become irritated and start bleeding, even if you are very gentle. In some cases, the signs of gingivitis may not be visible to the patient. It can then only be spotted by the dentist during a regular check-up. That’s why doctors put so much emphasis on its importance.
Signs of gingivitis:
- bright red or purple gums;
- gum sensitivity, pain on touch;
- bleeding gums when brushing or flossing;
- bad breath;
- inflammation, swollen gums;
- receding gums from the teeth;
- weak, loose gums.
